It seems to be difficult to identify Joel. He doesn’t seem to be identified with any of the twelve other people in the Old Testament with the same name. We only read of him in this book and a reference to him in Acts 2:16. Pethuel, his father is also unknown, but it seems likely that Joel lived in the area of Judah and Jerusalem.
We also have difficulty in dating it, but some date it between late seventh and early fifth century BC. Some scholars date the book at 835BC. No reference to historical events helps us, but similarities to words of Amos, Micah, Zephaniah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel are present.
Some translations have three chapters, others have four. The ‘Complete Jewish Bible’ (1998) is one which has four. The King James Version (1611) has three. The ones with four were divided into Chapter 1, chapter 2 (2v1-27), chapter 3(2v28-32) chapter 4 (chapter 3).